hidden pixel

(-)-2β-(3-(4-methylphenyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-3β-(4-chlorophenyl)tropane Information

RTI-336, (LS-193,309, (-)-2β-(3-(4-methylphenyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-3β-(4-chlorophenyl)tropane) is a phenyltropane derivative which acts as a potent and selective dopamine reuptake inhibitor and stimulant drug. It binds to the dopamine transporter with around 20x the affinity of cocaine,[1] however it produces relatively mild stimulant effects, with a slow onset and long duration of action.[2] These characteristics make it a potential candidate for treatment of cocaine addiction, as a possible substitute drug analogous to how methadone is used for treating heroin abuse.[3][4] RTI-336 fully substitutes for cocaine in addicted monkeys and supports self-administration,[5][6] and significantly reduces rates of cocaine use, especially when combined with SSRIs,[7] and research is ongoing to determine whether it could be a viable substitute drug in human cocaine addicts.

See also

References

  1. ^ Carroll, F.; Pawlush, N.; Kuhar, M.; Pollard, G.; Howard, J. (2004). "Synthesis, monoamine transporter binding properties, and behavioral pharmacology of a series of 3beta-(substituted phenyl)-2beta-(3'-substituted isoxazol-5-yl)tropanes". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 47 (2): 296–302. doi:10.1021/jm030453p. PMID 14711303.
  2. ^ Carroll, F.; Fox, B.; Kuhar, M.; Howard, J.; Pollard, G.; Schenk, S. (2006). "Effects of dopamine transporter selective 3-phenyltropane analogs on locomotor activity, drug discrimination, and cocaine self-administration after oral administration". European journal of pharmacology 553 (1-3): 149–156. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.09.024. PMID 17067572.
  3. ^ Carroll, F.; Howard, J.; Howell, L.; Fox, B.; Kuhar, M. (2006). "Development of the dopamine transporter selective RTI-336 as a pharmacotherapy for cocaine abuse". The AAPS journal 8 (1): E196–E203. doi:10.1208/aapsj080124. PMID 16584128.
  4. ^ Sofuoglu M, Kosten TR. Emerging pharmacological strategies in the fight against cocaine addiction. Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs. 2006 Mar;11(1):91-98. doi:10.1517/14728214.11.1.91
  5. ^ Kimmel, H.; O'Connor, J.; Carroll, F.; Howell, L. (2007). "Faster onset and dopamine transporter selectivity predict stimulant and reinforcing effects of cocaine analogs in squirrel monkeys". Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior 86 (1): 45–54. doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2006.12.006. PMID 17258302.
  6. ^ Kimmel, H.; Negus, S.; Wilcox, K.; Ewing, S.; Stehouwer, J.; Goodman, M.; Votaw, J.; Mello, N. et al. (2008). "Relationship between rate of drug uptake in brain and behavioral pharmacology of monoamine transporter inhibitors in rhesus monkeys". Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior 90 (3): 453–462. doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2008.03.032. PMID 18468667.
  7. ^ Howell, L.; Carroll, F.; Votaw, J.; Goodman, M.; Kimmel, H. (2007). "Effects of combined dopamine and serotonin transporter inhibitors on cocaine self-administration in rhesus monkeys". The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics 320 (2): 757–765. doi:10.1124/jpet.106.108324. PMID 17105829.
Phenyltropanes (classifications)
2-Carboxymethyl Esters

TroparilWIN 35428RTI-31RTI-32RTI-51RTI-55

(3,4-Disubstituted Phenyl)-tropanes

DichloropaneRTI-112RTI-353

Arylcarboxy

RTI-113

Carboxyalkyl

RTI-121RTI-150

Acyl

PTT/WF-11WF-23PIT/WF-21WF-33

β,α Stereochemistry

RTI-352RTI-274

α,β Stereochemistry

BrasofensineTesofensineNS2359

Heterocycles: 3-Substituted-isoxazol-5-yl

RTI-177RTI-336RTI-371

Heterocycles: 3-Substituted-1,2,4-oxadiazole

RTI-126RTI-371

N-alkyl

FP-β-CPPITFE-β-CPPITAltropaneIoflupane (123I)

N-replaced (S,O,C)

Tropoxane

Irreversible

RTI-76

Nortropanes (N-demethylated)

NS2359 (GSK-372,475)

Stimulants
Adamantanes

Adaphenoxate • Adapromine • AmantadineBromantane • Chlodantane • Gludantane • Memantine • Midantane

Arylcyclohexylamines

BenocyclidineDieticyclidineEsketamineEticyclidineGacyclidineKetamine • Phencyclamine • PhencyclidineRolicyclidineTenocyclidineTiletamine

Benzazepines

6-Br-APBSKF-77434SKF-81297SKF-82958

Cholinergics

A-84543A-366,833ABT-202ABT-418AR-R17779AltiniclineAnabasineArecolineCotinineCytisineDianiclineEpibatidineEpiboxidineGTS-21IsproniclineNicotinePHA-543,613PNU-120,596PNU-282,987PozaniclineRivaniclineSazetidine A • SIB-1553A • SSR-180,711TC-1698 • TC-1827 • TC-2216TC-5619TebaniclineUB-165VareniclineWAY-317,538

Convulsants

Anatoxin-aBicucullineDMCMFlurothylGabazinePentetrazolPicrotoxinStrychnineThujone

Eugeroics

AdrafinilArmodafinilCRL-40941Modafinil

Oxazolines

4-MethylaminorexAminorexClominorexCyclazodoneFenozoloneFluminorexPemolineThozalinone

Phenethylamines

1-(4-Methylphenyl)-2-aminobutane2-Fluoroamphetamine2-Fluoromethamphetamine2-OH-PEA • 2-Phenyl-3-aminobutane • 2-Phenyl-3-methylaminobutane • 2,3-MDA3-Fluoroamphetamine3-Fluoroethamphetamine3-Fluoromethcathinone3-Methoxyamphetamine3-Methylamphetamine4-BMC4-Ethylamphetamine4-FA4-FMA4-MA4-MMA4-MTA6-FNEAlfetamineα-EthylphenethylamineAmfecloralAmfepentorexAmfepramoneAmidephrineAmphetamine (Dextroamphetamine, Levoamphetamine) • AmphetaminilArbutamineAtomoxetine (Tomoxetine) • β-Methylphenethylamineβ-PhenylmethamphetamineBenfluorexBenzphetamineBDB (J) • BOH (Hydroxy-J) • BPAPBuphedroneBupropion (Amfebutamone) • ButyloneCathineCathinoneChlorphentermineClenbuterolClobenzorexCloforexClortermineD-DeprenylDenopamineDimethoxyamphetamineDimethylamphetamineDimethylcathinone (Dimethylpropion, Metamfepramone) • DobutamineDOPA (Dextrodopa, Levodopa) • DopamineDopexamineDroxidopaEBDB (Ethyl-J) • EphedrineEpinephrine (Adrenaline) • Epinine (Deoxyepinephrine) • EtafedrineEthcathinone (Ethylpropion) • Ethylamphetamine (Etilamfetamine) • Ethylnorepinephrine (Butanefrine) • EthyloneEtilefrineFamprofazoneFenbutrazateFencamineFencamfamineFenethyllineFenfluramine (Dexfenfluramine) • FenmetramideFenproporexFlephedroneFludorexFurfenorexGepefrine • HMMA • HordenineIbopamineIMPIndanylamphetamineIsoetarineIsoprenaline (Isoproterenol) • L-Deprenyl (Selegiline) • LefetamineLisdexamfetamineLophophine (Homomyristicylamine) • ManifaxineMBDB (Methyl-J; "Eden") • MDA (Tenamfetamine) • MDBUMDEA ("Eve") • MDMA ("Ecstasy", "Adam") • MDMPEA (Homarylamine) • MDOHMDPRMDPEA (Homopiperonylamine) • MefenorexMephedroneMephentermineMetanephrineMetaraminol • Methamphetamine (Desoxyephedrine, Methedrine; Dextromethamphetamine, Levomethamphetamine) • MethoxamineMethoxyphenamineMMAMethcathinone (Methylpropion) • MethedroneMethoxyphenamineMethyloneMMDAMMDMAMMMAMorazoneNaphthylamphetamineNisoxetineNorepinephrine (Noradrenaline) • NorfenefrineNorfenfluramineNormetanephrineOctopamineOrciprenalineOrtetamineOxilofrineParedrine (Norpholedrine, Oxamphetamine, Mycadrine) • PBAPCAPHAPargylinePentorex (Phenpentermine) • PentylonePhendimetrazinePhenmetrazinePhenpromethaminePhenterminePhenylalaninePhenylephrine (Neosynephrine) • PhenylpropanolaminePholedrinePIAPMAPMEAPMMAPPAPPrenylaminePropylamphetaminePseudoephedrineRadafaxineRopiniroleSalbutamol (Albuterol; Levosalbutamol) • SibutramineSynephrine (Oxedrine) • TheodrenalineTiflorex (Flutiorex) • TranylcypromineTyramineTyrosineXamoterolXylopropamineZylofuramine

Piperazines

2C-B-BZPBZP • CM156 • DBL-583 • GBR-12783 • GBR-12935 • GBR-13069 • GBR-13098 • GBR-13119 • MeOPPMBZPVanoxerine

Piperidines

1-Benzyl-4-(2-(diphenylmethoxy)ethyl)piperidine2-Benzylpiperidine3,4-Dichloromethylphenidate4-Benzylpiperidine4-MethylmethylphenidateDesoxypipradrolDifemetorexDiphenylpyralineEthylphenidateMethylnaphthidateMethylphenidate (Dexmethylphenidate) • NocainePhacetoperanePipradrolSCH-5472

Pyrrolidines

α-PPPα-PBPα-PVPMDPPPMDPBPMDPVMPBPMPHPMPPPMOPPPNaphyronePEPProlintanePyrovalerone

Tropanes

3-CPMT • 3-Pseudotropyl-4-fluorobenzoate4'-Fluorococaine • AHN-1055 • Altropane (IACFT)BrasofensineCFT (WIN 35,428)β-CIT (RTI-55)CocaethyleneCocaineDichloropane (RTI-111)DifluoropineFE-β-CPPITFP-β-CPPITIoflupane (123I)NorcocainePITPTTRTI-31RTI-32RTI-51 • RTI-105 • RTI-112RTI-113 • RTI-117 • RTI-121 (IPCIT)RTI-126RTI-150 • RTI-154 • RTI-171 • RTI-177 • RTI-183 • RTI-194 • RTI-202 • RTI-229 • RTI-241 • RTI-336RTI-354RTI-371RTI-386SalicylmethylecgonineTesofensineTroparil (β-CPT, WIN 35,065-2)TropoxaneWF-23WF-33 • WF-60

Xanthines AminophyllineCaffeineDimethazanParaxanthineTheobromineTheophylline
Others

1-(Thiophen-2-yl)-2-aminopropane • 2-Amino-1,2-dihydronaphthalene2-Aminoindane2-Aminotetralin2-Diphenylmethylpyrrolidine2-MDP3,3-Diphenylcyclobutanamine5-(2-Aminopropyl)indole5-Iodo-2-aminoindaneAL-1095Amfonelic acidAmineptineAmiphenazoleAtipamezoleBemegrideBenzydamineBTQBTS 74,398CarphedonCiclazindolCilobamineClofenciclan • Cropropamide • Crotetamide • DiclofensineDimethocaineDiphenylprolinolEfaroxanEtamivanEXP-561FenpentadiolFeprosidnineGamfexineGilutensinGYKI-52895HexacyclonateIdazoxanIndanorexIndatralineJNJ-7925476JZ-IV-10Lazabemide • Leptacline • LevopropylhexedrineLomevactoneLR-5182MazindolMeclofenoxateMedifoxamine • Mefexamide • MesocarbMethastyridoneNefopamNikethamideNomifensineO-2172OxaprotilinePhthalimidopropiophenonePNU-99,194PropylhexedrinePRC200-SSRasagilineRauwolscineRubidium chlorideSetazindolTametralineTandamineTraziumUH-232Yohimbine

See also
Dopaminergics
Receptor ligands
Agonists Adamantanes: AmantadineMemantineRimantadine; Aminotetralins: 7-OH-DPAT8-OH-PBZIRotigotineUH-232; Benzazepines: 6-Br-APBFenoldopamSKF-38,393SKF-77,434SKF-81,297SKF-82,958SKF-83,959; Ergolines: BromocriptineCabergolineDihydroergocryptineLisurideLSDPergolide; Dihydrexidine derivatives: 2-OH-NPAA-86,929CiladopaDihydrexidineDinapsolineDinoxylineDoxanthrine; Others: A-68,930A-77,636A-412,997ABT-670ABT-724AplindoreApomorphineAripiprazoleBifeprunoxBP-897CY-208,243DizocilpineEtilevodopaFlibanserinKetamineMelevodopaModafinilPardoprunoxPhencyclidinePD-128,907PD-168,077PF-219,061PiribedilPramipexolePropylnorapomorphinePukateineQuinagolideQuineloraneQuinpiroleRDS-127Ro10-5824RopiniroleRotigotineRoxindoleSalvinorin ASKF-89,145SumaniroleTergurideUmespironeWAY-100,635
Antagonists Typical antipsychotics: AcepromazineAzaperoneBenperidolBromperidolClopenthixolChlorpromazineChlorprothixeneDroperidolFlupentixolFluphenazineFluspirileneHaloperidolLoxapineMesoridazineMethotrimeprazineNemonapridePenfluridolPerazinePericiazinePerphenazinePimozideProchlorperazinePromazineSulforidazineSulpirideSultoprideThioridazineThiothixeneTrifluoperazineTriflupromazineTrifluperidolZuclopenthixol; Atypical antipsychotics: AmisulprideAsenapineBlonanserinCarpipramineClocapramineClozapineGevotrolineIloperidoneLurasidoneMelperoneMolindoneMosapramine • Ocaperidone • OlanzapinePaliperidonePerospironePiquindoneQuetiapineRemoxiprideRisperidoneSertindoleTiospironeZiprasidoneZotepine; Antiemetics: AS-8112AlizaprideBromoprideCleboprideDomperidoneMetoclopramideThiethylperazine; Others: AmoxapineBuspironeButaclamolEcopipamEEDQEticloprideFananserinL-745,870NafadotrideNuciferinePNU-99,194RacloprideSarizotanSB-277,011-ASCH-23,390 • SKF-83,566 • SKF-83,959SonepiprazoleSpiperoneSpiroxatrineStepholidineTetrahydropalmatineTiaprideUH-232Yohimbine
Reuptake inhibitors
Plasmalemmal
DAT inhibitors Piperazines: DBL-583GBR-12,935NefazodoneVanoxerine; Piperidines: BTCPDesoxypipradrolDextromethylphenidateDifemetorexEthylphenidateMethylnaphthidateMethylphenidatePhencyclidinePipradrol; Pyrrolidines: DiphenylprolinolMethylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) • NaphyroneProlintanePyrovalerone; Tropanes: β-CPPITAltropaneBrasofensineCFTCocaineDichloropaneDifluoropineFE-β-CPPITFP-β-CPPITIoflupane (123I)IometopaneRTI-112RTI-113RTI-121RTI-126RTI-150RTI-177RTI-229RTI-336TenocyclidineTesofensineTroparilTropoxaneWF-11WF-23WF-31WF-33; Others: AdrafinilArmodafinilAmfonelic acidAmineptineBenzatropine (Benztropine) • BromantaneBTQBTS-74,398Bupropion (Amfebutamone) • CiclazindolDiclofensineDimethocaineDiphenylpyralineDizocilpineDOV-102,677DOV-21,947DOV-216,303Etybenzatropine (Ethylbenztropine) • EXP-561FencamineFencamfamineFezolamineGYKI-52,895IndatralineKetamineLefetamineLevophacetoperaneLR-5182ManifaxineMazindolMedifoxamineMesocarbModafinilNefopamNomifensineNS-2359O-2172PridefrinePropylamphetamineRadafaxineSEP-225,289SEP-227,162SertralineSibutramineTametralineTripelennamine
Vesicular
VMAT inhibitors DeserpidineIbogaineReserpineTetrabenazine
Releasing agents
Morpholines: FenbutrazateMorazonePhendimetrazinePhenmetrazine; Oxazolines: 4-Methylaminorex (4-MAR, 4-MAX) • AminorexClominorexCyclazodoneFenozoloneFluminorexPemolineThozalinone; Phenethylamines (also amphetamines, cathinones, phentermines, etc): 2-Hydroxyphenethylamine (2-OH-PEA) • 4-CAB4-Methylamphetamine (4-MA) • 4-Methylmethamphetamine (4-MMA) • AlfetamineAmfecloralAmfepentorexAmfepramoneAmphetamine (Dextroamphetamine, Levoamphetamine) • Amphetaminilβ-Methylphenethylamine (β-Me-PEA) • Benzodioxolylbutanamine (BDB) • Benzodioxolylhydroxybutanamine (BOH) • BenzphetamineBuphedroneButyloneCathineCathinoneClobenzorexClortermineD-DeprenylDimethoxyamphetamine (DMA) • Dimethoxymethamphetamine (DMMA) • DimethylamphetamineDimethylcathinone (Dimethylpropion, metamfepramone) • Ethcathinone (Ethylpropion) • EthylamphetamineEthylbenzodioxolylbutanamine (EBDB) • EthyloneFamprofazoneFenethyllineFenproporexFlephedroneFludorexFurfenorexHordenineLophophine (Homomyristicylamine) • MefenorexMephedrone • Methamphetamine (Desoxyephedrine, Methedrine; Dextromethamphetamine, Levomethamphetamine) • Methcathinone (Methylpropion) • MethedroneMethoxymethylenedioxyamphetamine (MMDA) • Methoxymethylenedioxymethamphetamine (MMDMA) • Methylbenzodioxolylbutanamine (MBDB) • Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA, tenamfetamine) • Methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA) • Methylenedioxyhydroxyamphetamine (MDOH) • Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) • Methylenedioxymethylphenethylamine (MDMPEA, homarylamine) • Methylenedioxyphenethylamine (MDPEA, homopiperonylamine) • MethyloneOrtetamineParabromoamphetamine (PBA) • Parachloroamphetamine (PCA) • Parafluoroamphetamine (PFA) • Parafluoromethamphetamine (PFMA) • Parahydroxyamphetamine (PHA) • Paraiodoamphetamine (PIA) • Paredrine (Norpholedrine, Oxamphetamine) • Phenethylamine (PEA) • PholedrinePhenpromethaminePrenylaminePropylamphetamineTiflorex (Flutiorex) • Tyramine (TRA) • XylopropamineZylofuramine; Piperazines: 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-bromobenzylpiperazine (2C-B-BZP) • Benzylpiperazine (BZP) • Methoxyphenylpiperazine (MeOPP, paraperazine) • Methylbenzylpiperazine (MBZP) • Methylenedioxybenzylpiperazine (MDBZP, piperonylpiperazine); Others: 2-Amino-1,2-dihydronaphthalene (2-ADN) • 2-Aminoindane (2-AI) • 2-Aminotetralin (2-AT) • 4-Benzylpiperidine (4-BP) • 5-IAIClofenciclanCyclopentamineCypenamineCyprodenateFeprosidnineGilutensinHeptaminolHexacyclonateIndanylaminopropane (IAP) • IndanorexIsomethepteneMethylhexanamineNaphthylaminopropane (NAP) • OctodrinePhthalimidopropiophenonePropylhexedrine (Levopropylhexedrine) • Tuaminoheptane (Tuamine)
Enzyme inhibitors
Anabolism
PAH inhibitors 3,4-Dihydroxystyrene
TH inhibitors 3-IodotyrosineAquayamycinBulbocapnineMetirosineOudenone
AAAD / DDC inhibitors BenserazideCarbidopaGenisteinMethyldopa
Catabolism
MAO inhibitors Nonselective: BenmoxinCaroxazoneEchinopsidineFurazolidoneHydralazineIndantadolIproclozideIproniazidIsocarboxazidIsoniazidLinezolidMebanazineMetfendrazineNialamideOctamoxinParaxazonePhenelzinePheniprazinePhenoxypropazinePivalylbenzhydrazineProcarbazineSafrazineTranylcypromine; MAO-A selective: Amiflamine • Bazinaprine • Befloxatone • Befol • BrofaromineCimoxatoneClorgiline • Esuprone • Harmala alkaloids (Harmine, Harmaline, Tetrahydroharmine, Harman, Norharman, etc) • Methylene BlueMetralindoleMinaprineMoclobemidePirlindole • Sercloremine • Tetrindole • ToloxatoneTyrima; MAO-B selective: D-DeprenylL-Deprenyl (Selegiline) • LadostigilLazabemide • Milacemide • Mofegiline • PargylineRasagiline
COMT inhibitors EntacaponeTolcapone
DBH inhibitors Bupicomide • Disulfiram • Dopastin • Fusaric acidNepicastat • Phenopicolinic acid • Tropolone
Others
Precursors L-PhenylalanineL-TyrosineL-DOPA (Levodopa)
Cofactors Ferrous Iron (Fe2+) • TetrahydrobiopterinVitamin B3 (Niacin, NicotinamideNADPH) • Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine, Pyridoxamine, PyridoxalPyridoxal Phosphate) • Vitamin B9 (Folic acidTetrahydrofolic acid) • Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) • Zinc (Zn2+)
Others Activity Enhancers: Benzofuranylpropylaminopentane (BPAP) • Phenylpropylaminopentane (PPAP); Toxins: Oxidopamine (6-Hydroxydopamine)
This pharmacology-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

Categories: Cocaine | Dopamine reuptake inhibitors | Stimulants | Tropanes | Organochlorides | RTI compounds | Isoxazoles

 

The above information uses material from Wikipedia and is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.
Some facts may not have been fully verified for accuracy. [Disclaimers]
This page was last archived by our server on Tue Dec 20 10:48:58 2011.
Displaying this page or its contents does not use any Wikimedia Foundation's resources.
The owners of this site proudly support the Wikimedia Foundation.