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Erythema Toxicum Neonatorum Information

Erythema toxicum neonatorum[1] (also known as "Erythema toxicum,"[1] and "Toxic erythema of the newborn"[1]) is a common rash in neonates.[2]:139[3] It appears in up to half of newborns carried to term, usually between day 2-5 after birth.

Erythema toxicum is characterized by blotchy red spots on the skin with overlying white or yellow papules or pustules.[4] These lesions may be few or numerous. The eruption typically resolves within a few days.

Contents

Cause

The cause of erythema toxicum is unknown.

Hypersensitivity to detergents in bedsheets and clothing is sometimes suspected, but the connection remains unproven.

It is thought to be a benign condition that causes no discomfort to the infant. The rash will generally disappear spontaneously in about 2 weeks.

Presentation

The rash is composed of small papular lesions, each on a separate reddened base.

Diagnosis

At times the appearance can raise concern that the rash could be due to herpes simplex; however, the latter generally has a more clustered and vesicular appearance.

In uncertain cases, a scraping of a lesion can be done and the fluid examined under the microscope. Herpes lesions will have a positive direct fluorescent antibody test. The fluid from erythema toxicum lesions will show many eosinophils.

Treatment

Because the eruption is transient and self-limiting, no treatment is indicated

References

  1. ^ a b c Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007). Dermatology: 2-Volume Set. St. Louis: Mosby. ISBN 1-4160-2999-0.
  2. ^ James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. (10th ed.). Saunders. ISBN 0-7216-2921-0.
  3. ^ Berg FJ, Solomon LM (April 1987). "Erythema neonatorum toxicum". Arch. Dis. Child. 62 (4): 327–8. doi:10.1136/adc.62.4.327. PMC 1778345. PMID 3592724. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1778345.
  4. ^ "erythema toxicum" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary

External links

Diseases of the skin and appendages by morphology
Growths
Epidermal
Pigmented
Dermal and subcutaneous
Rashes
With epidermal involvement
Eczematous
Scaling
Blistering
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Red
Blanchable Erythema
Generalized
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Nonblanchable Purpura
Macular
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Indurated
Miscellaneous disorders
Ulcers
Hair
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Mucous membrane
Urticaria and erythema (L50–L54, 695, 708)
Urticaria (acute/chronic)
Allergic urticaria Urticarial allergic eruption
Physical urticaria Cold urticaria (Familial) · Primary cold contact urticaria · Secondary cold contact urticaria · Reflex cold urticaria Heat urticaria · Localized heat contact urticaria · Solar urticaria Dermatographic urticaria Vibratory angioedema · Pressure urticaria Cholinergic urticaria Aquagenic urticaria
Other urticaria Acquired C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency · Adrenergic urticaria · Exercise urticaria · Galvanic urticaria · Schnitzler syndrome · Urticaria-like follicular mucinosis
Angioedema Episodic angioedema with eosinophilia · Hereditary angioedema
Erythema
Erythema multiforme/ drug eruption Erythema multiforme minor · Erythema multiforme major (Stevens–Johnson syndrome, Toxic epidermal necrolysis) · panniculitis (Erythema nodosum) · Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis
Figurate erythema Erythema annulare centrifugum · Erythema marginatum · Erythema migrans · Erythema gyratum repens
Other erythema Necrolytic migratory erythema · Erythema toxicum · Erythroderma · Palmar erythema · Generalized erythema

: INT, SF, LCT

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Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period / fetal disease (P, 760–779)
Maternal factors and complications of pregnancy, labour and delivery placenta: Placenta praevia · Placental insufficiency · Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome chorion/amnion: Chorioamnionitis umbilical cord: Umbilical cord prolapse · Nuchal cord · Single umbilical artery
Length of gestation and fetal growth Small for gestational age/Large for gestational age · Preterm birth/Postmature birth · Intrauterine growth restriction
Birth trauma scalp (Cephalhematoma, Chignon, Caput succedaneum, Subgaleal hemorrhage) · Brachial plexus lesion (Erb's palsy, Klumpke paralysis)
By system
Respiratory Intrauterine hypoxia · Infant respiratory distress syndrome · Transient tachypnea of the newborn · Meconium aspiration syndrome · pleural disease (Pneumothorax, Pneumomediastinum) · Wilson-Mikity syndrome · Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Cardiovascular Pneumopericardium · Persistent fetal circulation
Haemorrhagic and hematologic disease Vitamin K deficiency (Haemorrhagic disease of the newborn) HDN (ABO • Anti-Kell • Rh c • Rh D • Rh E) · Hydrops fetalis · Hyperbilirubinemia (Kernicterus, Neonatal jaundice) Velamentous cord insertion Intraventricular hemorrhage (Germinal matrix hemorrhage) Anemia of prematurity
Digestive Ileus · Necrotizing enterocolitis · Meconium peritonitis
Integument and temperature regulation Erythema toxicum · Sclerema neonatorum
Nervous system Periventricular leukomalacia
Musculoskeletal Gray baby syndrome · muscle tone (Congenital hypertonia, Congenital hypotonia)
Infectious Perinatal infection (Congenital rubella syndrome, Neonatal herpes simplex) · Omphalitis · Neonatal sepsis (Group B streptococcal infection) · Neonatal conjunctivitis
Other Perinatal mortality (Stillbirth, Infant mortality) · Neonatal withdrawal

: OBS

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