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Gag Reflex Information

The pharyngeal reflex or gag reflex is a reflex contraction of the back of the throat,[1] evoked by touching the soft palate.[2] It prevents something from entering the throat except as part of normal swallowing and helps prevent choking. Different people have different sensitivities to the gag reflex.

The afferent limb of the reflex is supplied by the glossopharyngeal nerve (cranial nerve IX), which inputs to the nucleus solitarius and the spinal trigeminal nucleus, and the efferent limb is supplied by the one called vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) from the nucleus ambiguus. Absence of the gag reflex and pharyngeal sensation can be a symptom of a number of severe medical conditions, such as damage to the glossopharyngeal nerve, the vagus nerve, or brain death. However, in one study, one-third of healthy people did not have a gag reflex, although pharyngeal sensation in these subjects remained intact.[3]

Swallowing unusually large objects or placing objects in the back of the mouth, like a toothbrush, may cause the pharyngeal reflex. Some people, for instance sword swallowers, have learned how to suppress it. In contrast, triggering the reflex is sometimes done intentionally to induce vomiting, for example by those who suffer from bulimia nervosa.

References

  1. ^ "Medical Neurosciences". http://www.neuroanatomy.wisc.edu/virtualbrain/BrainStem/09NA.html.
  2. ^ "pharyngeal reflex, gag reflex." WordNet 1.7.1. Princeton University, 2001. Answers.com 22 Apr. 2008. http://www.answers.com/topic/pharyngeal-reflex-gag-reflex
  3. ^ Pharyngeal sensation and gag reflex in healthy subjects. Davies, A., Kidd, D., Stone, S., MacMahon, J. (1995). Lancet 345:487–488

External links

Nervous system physiology: neurophysiology - reflex
Cranial nerve midbrain: Pupillary light reflex · Accommodation reflex pons/medulla: Jaw jerk reflex · Corneal reflex · Caloric reflex test/Vestibulo-ocular reflex/Oculocephalic reflex · Pharyngeal (gag) reflex
Stretch reflexes upper limb: Biceps reflex C5/C6 · Brachioradialis reflex C6 · Extensor digitorum reflex C6/C7 · Triceps reflex C7/C8 lower limb: Patellar reflex L2-L4 · Ankle jerk reflex S1/S2 · Plantar reflex L5-S2
Primitive reflexes Galant · Gastrocolic · Grasp · Moro · Rooting · Stepping · Sucking · Tonic neck
Lists general · alphabetical · by organ
Cardiovascular Bainbridge reflex · Bezold-Jarisch reflex · Coronary reflex · Mammalian diving reflex · Oculocardiac reflex
Baroreflex Reflex bradycardia · Reflex tachycardia
Respiratory Churchill-Cope reflex
Other Acoustic reflex · H-reflex · Golgi tendon reflex · Optokinetic · Startle reaction · Withdrawal reflex (Crossed extensor reflex)
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Categories: Human throat | Reflexes |

 

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