Medication Information
A drug, broadly speaking, is any substance that, when absorbed into the body of a living organism, alters normal bodily function.[3] There is no single, precise definition, as there are different meanings in drug control law, government regulations, medicine, and colloquial usage.[4]
In pharmacology, a drug is "a chemical substance used in the treatment, cure, prevention, or diagnosis of disease or used to otherwise enhance physical or mental well-being."[4] Drugs may be prescribed for a limited duration, or on a regular basis for chronic disorders.[5]
Recreational drugs are chemical substances that affect the central nervous system, such as opioids or hallucinogens.[5] They may be used for perceived beneficial effects on perception, consciousness, personality, and behavior.[5][6] Some drugs can cause addiction and/or habituation.[6]
Drugs are usually distinguished from endogenous biochemicals by being introduced from outside the organism. Many natural substances, such as beers, wines, and psychoactive mushrooms, blur the line between food and recreational drugs, as when ingested they affect the functioning of both mind and body and some substances normally considered drugs such as DMT (Dimethyltryptamine) are actually produced by the human body in trace amounts.
Etymology
Drug is thought to originate from Old French "drogue", possibly deriving later into "droge-vate" from Middle Dutch meaning "dry barrels", referring to medicinal plants preserved in them.[7]
Medication
Nexium pills 40 mg
(esomeprazole magnesium)
Main article: pharmaceutical drug
A medication or medicine is a drug taken to cure and/or ameliorate any symptoms of an illness or medical condition, or may be used as preventive medicine that has future benefits but does not treat any existing or pre-existing diseases or symptoms.
Dispensing of medication is often regulated by governments into three categories—over-the-counter (OTC) medications, which are available in pharmacies and supermarkets without special restrictions, behind-the-counter (BTC), which are dispensed by a pharmacist without needing a doctor's prescription, and Prescription only medicines (POM), which must be prescribed by a licensed medical professional, usually a physician.
In the United Kingdom, BTC medicines are called pharmacy medicines which can only be sold in registered pharmacies, by or under the supervision of a pharmacist. These medications are designated by the letter P on the label.[8] The range of medicines available without a prescription varies from country to country.
Medications are typically produced by pharmaceutical companies and are often patented to give the developer exclusive rights to produce them, but they can also be derived from naturally occurring substance in plants called herbal medicine. Those that are not patented (or with expired patents) are called generic drugs since they can be produced by other companies without restrictions or licenses from the patent holder.
Spiritual and religious use
Main article:
Entheogen
The spiritual and religious use of drugs has been occurring since the dawn of our species. Drugs that are considered to have spiritual or religious use are called entheogens. Some religions are based completely on the use of certain drugs. Entheogens are mostly hallucinogens, being either psychedelics or deliriants, but some are also stimulants and sedatives.
Self Improvement
Main article:
Nootropic
Nootropics, also commonly referred to as "smart drugs", are drugs that are claimed to improve human cognitive abilities. Nootropics are used to improve memory, concentration, thought, mood, learning, and many other things. Some nootropics are now beginning to be used to treat certain diseases such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. They are also commonly used to regain brain function lost during aging. Similarly, Drugs such as steroids improve human physical capabilities and are sometimes used (legally or not) for this purpose, often by professional athletes.
Recreational drug use
The cigarette is the common pharmaceutical form of tobacco – one of the world’s best selling drugs.
[9]
Cannabis is another commonly used recreational drug.
[10]
Peruvian Ayahuasca
Main article: Recreational drug use
Further information: Prohibition (drugs)
Recreational drugs use is the use of psychoactive substances to have fun, for the experience, or to enhance an already positive experience. National laws prohibit the use of many different recreational drugs and medicinal drugs that have the potential for recreational use are heavily regulated. Many other recreational drugs on the other hand are legal, widely culturally accepted, and at the most have an age restriction on using and/or purchasing them. These include alcohol, tobacco, betel nut, and caffeine products in the west, and in other localised areas of the world drugs such as Khat are common. Because of the legal status of many drugs, recreational drug use is controversial, with many governments not recognising spiritual or other perceived uses for drugs and classing them under illegal recreational use.
Administering drugs
Drugs, both medicinal and recreational, can be administered in a number of ways. Many drugs can be administered in a variety of ways rather than just one.
- Bolus
- Inhaled, (breathed into the lungs), as an aerosol or dry powder. (This includes smoking a substance)
- Injected as a solution, suspension or emulsion either: intramuscular, intravenous, intraperitoneal, intraosseous.
- Insufflation, or snorted into the nose.
- Orally, as a liquid or solid, that is absorbed through the intestines.
- Rectally as a suppository, that is absorbed by the rectum or colon.
- Sublingually, diffusing into the blood through tissues under the tongue.
- Topically, usually as a cream or ointment. A drug administered in this manner may be given to act locally or systemically.[11]
- Vaginally as a suppository, primarily to treat vaginal infections.
Legal definition of drugs
Some governments define the term drug by law. In the United States, the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act definition of "drug" includes "articles intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease in man or other animals" and "articles (other than food) intended to affect the structure or any function of the body of man or other animals."[12] Consistent with that definition, the U.S. separately defines narcotic drugs and controlled substances, which may include non-drugs, and explicitly excludes tobacco, caffeine and alcoholic beverages.[13]
Governmental controls
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The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. Please improve this article and discuss the issue on the talk page. (November 2009) |
In Canada the government has moved to remove the influence of drug companies on the medical system. “The influence that the pharmaceutical companies, the for-profits, are having on every aspect of medicine ... is so blatant now you'd have to be deaf, blind and dumb not to see it,” said Journal of the American Medical Association editor Dr. Catherine DeAngelis.[14][15]
See also
References
- ^ Deutscher Kaffeeverband (2001-05-04). "Kaffee-Text 1/99" (in German) (PDF). Archived from the original on 2008-02-29. http://web.archive.org/web/20080229002700/http://www.kaffeeverband.de/pdf/kt1-99.pdf. Retrieved 2007-12-14.
- ^ In Germany about 118 l of beer, 20 l of wine, 4 l of sparkling wine and 6 l of distilled beverages are consumed per person per year.
- ^ World Health Organization. (1969). WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence. Sixteenth report. (Technical report series. No. 407).Geneva:World Health Organization.
- ^ a b "Drug." Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1), Random House, Inc., via dictionary.com. Retrieved on 20 September 2007.
- ^ a b c "Drug." The American Heritage Science Dictionary, Houghton Mifflin Company, via dictionary.com. Retrieved on 20 September 2007.
- ^ a b "Drug." Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, Inc., via dictionary.com. Retrieved on 20 September 2007.
- ^ Harper, Douglas. "drug". Online Etymology Dictionary. http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=drug.
- ^ "Glossary of MHRA terms - P". MHRA. http://www.mhra.gov.uk/SearchHelp/Glossary/GlossaryP. Retrieved 2008-11-05.
- ^ According to the statistic of the Food and Agriculture Organization the production quantity in 2006 of coffee was 7.8 million tonnes and of tobacco was 6.7 million tonnes.
- ^ Lingeman, Drugs from A-Z A Dictionary, Penguin ISBN 0-7139-0136-5
- ^ "?". http://www.nursingtimes.net/nursing-practice-clinical-research/the-administration-of-medicine/288560.article.
- ^ "Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act" (Website.) U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved on 24 September 2007.
- ^ "21 USC Sec. 802." (Website.) U.S. Department of Justice. Retrieved on 24 September 2007.
- ^ "Med schools, journals fight big pharma's sway" (Website.) MSNBC. Retrieved on 11 November 2009
- ^ "Medical schools, journals start to fight drug industry influence" (Website.) USA Today. Retrieved on 11 November 2009
External links
- DrugBank, a database of 4800 drugs and 2500 protein drug targets
- The Cult of Pharmacology: How America Became the World's Most Troubled Drug Culture by Richard DeGrandpre, Duke University Press, 2006.
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Pharmacology: major drug groups |
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| Gastrointestinal tract/metabolism (A) |
stomach acid (Antacids, H2 antagonists, Proton pump inhibitors) • Antiemetics • Laxatives • Antidiarrhoeals/Antipropulsives • Anti-obesity drugs • Anti-diabetics • Vitamins • Dietary minerals
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| Blood and blood forming organs (B) |
Antithrombotics (Antiplatelets, Anticoagulants, Thrombolytics/fibrinolytics) • Antihemorrhagics (Platelets, Coagulants, Antifibrinolytics)
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| Cardiovascular system (C) |
cardiac therapy/antianginals (Cardiac glycosides, Antiarrhythmics, Cardiac stimulants)
Antihypertensives • Diuretics • Vasodilators • Beta blockers • Calcium channel blockers • renin-angiotensin system (ACE inhibitors, Angiotensin II receptor antagonists, Renin inhibitors)
Antihyperlipidemics (Statins, Fibrates, Bile acid sequestrants)
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| Skin (D) |
Emollients • Cicatrizants • Antipruritics • Antipsoriatics • Medicated dressings
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| Genitourinary system (G) |
Hormonal contraception • Fertility agents • SERMs • Sex hormones
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| Endocrine system (H) |
Hypothalamic-pituitary hormones • Corticosteroids (Glucocorticoids, Mineralocorticoids) • Sex hormones • Thyroid hormones/Antithyroid agents
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| Infections and infestations (J, P, QI) |
Antimicrobials: Antibacterials (Antimycobacterials) • Antifungals • Antivirals • Antiparasitics (Antiprotozoals, Anthelmintics, Ectoparasiticides) • IVIG • Vaccines
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| Malignant disease (L01-L02) |
Anticancer agents (Antimetabolites, Alkylating, Spindle poisons, Antineoplastic, Topoisomerase inhibitors)
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| Immune disease (L03-L04) |
Immunomodulators (Immunostimulants, Immunosuppressants)
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| Muscles, bones, and joints (M) |
Anabolic steroids • Anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs) • Antirheumatics • Corticosteroids • Muscle relaxants • Bisphosphonates
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| Brain and nervous system (N) |
Analgesics • Anesthetics (General, Local) • Anorectics • Anti-ADHD Agents • Antiaddictives • Anticonvulsants • Antidementia Agents • Antidepressants • Antimigraine Agents • Antiparkinson's Agents • Antipsychotics • Anxiolytics • Depressants • Entactogens • Entheogens • Euphoriants • Hallucinogens (Psychedelics, Dissociatives, Deliriants) • Hypnotics/Sedatives • Mood Stabilizers • Neuroprotectives • Nootropics • Neurotoxins • Orexigenics • Serenics • Stimulants • Wakefulness-Promoting Agents
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| Respiratory system (R) |
Decongestants • Bronchodilators • Cough medicines • H1 antagonists
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| Sensory organs (S) |
Ophthalmologicals • Otologicals
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| Other ATC (V) |
Antidotes • Contrast media • Radiopharmaceuticals • Dressings
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Hallucinogens |
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| Psychedelics
5-HT2AR agonists |
Lysergamides: AL-LAD • ALD-52 • BU-LAD • CYP-LAD • DAM-57 • Diallyllysergamide • Ergometrine (Ergonovine, Ergobasine) • ETH-LAD • LAE-32 • LSA (Ergine, Lysergamide) • LSD • LSH • LPD-824 • LSM-775 • Lysergic Acid 2-Butyl Amide • Lysergic Acid 2,4-Dimethylazetidide • Lysergic Acid 3-Pentyl Amide • Methylergometrine • Methylisopropyllysergamide • Methysergide • MLD-41 • PARGY-LAD • PRO-LAD;
Phenethylamines: Aleph • 2C-B • 2C-B-Dragonfly · 2C-B-FLY • 2C-C-FLY • 2C-D-FLY • 2C-E-FLY • 2C-I-FLY • 2CBFly-NBOMe • 2C-T-7-FLY • 2C-C • 2C-C-NBOMe • 2C-CN-NBOMe • 2C-D • 2CD-5EtO • 2C-D-NBOMe • 2C-E • 2C-EF • 2C-E-NBOMe • 2C-F • 2C-F-NBOMe • 2C-G • 2C-G-NBOMe • 2C-H-NBOMe • 2C-I • 2C-N • 2C-N-NBOMe • 2C-O • 2C-O-4 • 2C-P • 2C-T • 2C-T-2 • 2C-T-4 • 2C-T-4-NBOMe • 2C-T-7 • 2C-T-7-NBOH • 2C-T-8 • 2C-T-9 • 2C-T-13 • 2C-T-15 • 2C-T-17 • 2C-T-21 • 2C-TFM • 2C-TFM-NBOMe • 2C-YN • 2CBCB-NBOMe • 25B-NBOMe • 25I-NBMD • 25I-NBOH • 25I-NBOMe • 3C-E • 3C-P • 5-APB • 5-APDB • 6-APB • 6-APDB • Br-DFLY • DESOXY • DMMDA • DMMDA-2 • DOB • DOB-FLY • DOM-FLY • DOC • DOEF • DOET • DOF • DOI • DOM • DON • DOPR • DOTFM • Escaline • Ganesha • HOT-2 • HOT-7 • HOT-17 • IAP • Isoproscaline • Jimscaline • Lophophine • MDA • MDEA • MDMA • MMA • MMDA • MMDA-2 • MMDA-3a • MMDMA • Macromerine • Mescaline • Methallylescaline • NBOMe-mescaline • Proscaline • TCB-2 • TFMFly • TMA;
Piperazines: pFPP • TMFPP;
Tryptamines: 1-Methyl-5-methoxy-diisopropyltryptamine • 2,N,N-TMT • 4,N,N-TMT • 4-HO-5-MeO-DMT • 4-Acetoxy-DET • 4-Acetoxy-DIPT • 4-Acetoxy-DMT • 4-Acetoxy-DPT • 4-Acetoxy-MiPT • 4-HO-DPT • 4-HO-MET • 4-Propionyloxy-DMT • 4-HO-MPMI • 5-Me-MIPT • 5-N,N-TMT • 5-AcO-DMT • 5-MeO-2,N,N-TMT • 5-MeO-4,N,N-TMT • 5-MeO-α,N,N-TMT • 5-MeO-α-ET • 5-MeO-α-MT • 5-MeO-DALT • 5-MeO-DET • 5-MeO-DIPT • 5-MeO-DMT • 5-MeO-DPT • 5-MeO-EiPT • 5-MeO-MET • 5-MeO-MIPT • 5-MeO-MPMI • 7,N,N-TMT • α,N,N-TMT • α-ET • α-MT • AL-37350A • Baeocystin • Bufotenin • DALT • DBT • DCPT • DET • DIPT • DMT • DPT • EiPT • Ethocin • Ethocybin • Iprocin • MET • Miprocin • MIPT • Norbaeocystin • PiPT • Psilocin • Psilocybin;
Others: AL-38022A • Ibogaine • Noribogaine • Voacangine
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| Dissociatives
NMDAR antagonists |
Adamantanes: Amantadine • Memantine • Rimantadine;
Arylcyclohexylamines: 3-MeO-PCP • 4-MeO-PCP • Dieticyclidine • Esketamine • Eticyclidine • Gacyclidine • Ketamine • Methoxetamine • Neramexane • Phencyclidine • PCPr • Rolicyclidine • Tenocyclidine • Tiletamine;
Morphinans: Dextrallorphan • Dextromethorphan • Dextrorphan • Methorphan (Racemethorphan) • Racemorphan;
Others: 2-MDP • 8A-PDHQ • Aptiganel • Dexoxadrol • Dizocilpine (MK-801) • Etoxadrol • Ibogaine • Midafotel • NEFA • Nitrous Oxide • Noribogaine • Perzinfotel • Remacemide • Selfotel • Xenon
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| Deliriants
mAChR antagonists |
3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate • Atropine • Benactyzine • Benzatropine • Benzydamine • Biperiden • Brompheniramine • CAR-226,086 • CAR-301,060 • CAR-302,196 • CAR-302,282 • CAR-302,368 • CAR-302,537 • CAR-302,668 • Chlorpheniramine • Chloropyramine • Clemastine • CS-27349 • Cyclizine • Cyproheptadine • Dicyclomine (Dicycloverine) • Dimenhydrinate • Diphenhydramine • Ditran • Doxylamine • EA-3167 • EA-3443 • EA-3580 • EA-3834 • Elemicin • Flavoxate • Hydroxyzine • Hyoscyamine • Meclizine • Myristicin • N-Ethyl-3-piperidyl benzilate • N-Methyl-3-piperidyl benzilate • Pyrilamine • Orphenadrine • Oxybutynin • Pheniramine • Phenyltoloxamine • Procyclidine • Promethazine • Scopolamine (Hyoscine) • Tolterodine • Trihexyphenidyl • Tripelennamine • Triprolidine • WIN-2299
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| Miscellaneous |
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Cannabinoids
CB1R agonists
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Cannabinol • CP-47,497 • CP-55,244 • CP-55,940 • DMHP • HU-210 • JWH-018 • JWH-030 • JWH-073 • JWH-081 • JWH-200 • JWH-250 • Nabilone • Nabitan • Nantradol • Parahexyl • THC (Dronabinol) • WIN-55,212-2
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D2R agonists
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Apomorphine • Bromocriptine • Cabergoline • Lisuride • Memantine • Pergolide • Piribedil • Pramipexole • Ropinirole • Rotigotine
* Also indirect D2 agonists such as dopamine reuptake inhibitors (cocaine, methylphenidate), releasing agents (amphetamine, methamphetamine), and precursors (levodopa).
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GABAAR agonists
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Eszopiclone • Gaboxadol • Ibotenic Acid • Muscimol • Zolpidem • Zopiclone
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Inhalants
Mixed MOA
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Butane • Chloroform • Diethyl Ether (Ether) • Enflurane • Freon • Gasoline (Petrol) • Kerosene (Paraffin) • Propane • Toluene
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κOR agonists
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2-EMSB • 2-MMSB • Alazocine • Bremazocine • Butorphanol • Cyclazocine • Cyprenorphine • Dextrallorphan • Dezocine • Enadoline • Herkinorin • HZ-2 • Ibogaine • Ketazocine • Metazocine • Nalbuphine • Nalorphine • Noribogaine • Pentazocine • Phenazocine • Salvinorin A • Spiradoline • Tifluadom • U-50,488 • U-69,593
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σR agonists
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Dextrallorphan • Dextromethorphan • Dextrorphan • Noscapine (Narcotine)
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Others
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Efavirenz • Glaucine • Isoaminile
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| · ·
Stimulants (N06B) |
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| Adamantanes |
Adaphenoxate • Adapromine • Amantadine • Bromantane • Chlodantane • Gludantane • Memantine • Midantane
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| Adenosine antagonists |
8-Chlorotheophylline • 8-Cyclopentyltheophylline • 8-Phenyltheophylline • Aminophylline • Caffeine • CGS-15943 • Dimethazan • Paraxanthine • SCH-58261 • Theobromine • Theophylline
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| Alkylamines |
Cyclopentamine • Cypenamine • Cyprodenate • Heptaminol • Isometheptene • Methylhexaneamine • Octodrine • Propylhexedrine • Tuaminoheptane
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| Arylcyclohexylamines |
Benocyclidine • Dieticyclidine • Esketamine • Eticyclidine • Gacyclidine • Ketamine • Phencyclamine • Phencyclidine • Rolicyclidine • Tenocyclidine • Tiletamine
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| Benzazepines |
6-Br-APB • SKF-77434 • SKF-81297 • SKF-82958
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| Cholinergics |
A-84543 • A-366,833 • ABT-202 • ABT-418 • AR-R17779 • Altinicline • Anabasine • Arecoline • Cotinine • Cytisine • Dianicline • Epibatidine • Epiboxidine • GTS-21 • Ispronicline • Nicotine • PHA-543,613 • PNU-120,596 • PNU-282,987 • Pozanicline • Rivanicline • Sazetidine A • SIB-1553A • SSR-180,711 • TC-1698 • TC-1827 • TC-2216 • TC-5619 • Tebanicline • UB-165 • Varenicline • WAY-317,538
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| Convulsants |
Anatoxin-a • Bicuculline • DMCM • Flurothyl • Gabazine • Pentetrazol • Picrotoxin • Strychnine • Thujone
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| Eugeroics |
Adrafinil • Armodafinil • CRL-40941 • Modafinil
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| Oxazolines |
4-Methylaminorex • Aminorex • Clominorex • Cyclazodone • Fenozolone • Fluminorex • Pemoline • Thozalinone
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| Phenethylamines |
1-(4-Methylphenyl)-2-aminobutane • 1-Phenyl-2-(piperidin-1-yl)pentan-3-one • 1-Methylamino-1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)propane • 2-Fluoroamphetamine • 2-Fluoromethamphetamine • 2-OH-PEA • 2-Phenyl-3-aminobutane • 2-Phenyl-3-methylaminobutane • 2,3-MDA • 3-Fluoroamphetamine • 3-Fluoroethamphetamine • 3-Fluoromethcathinone • 3-Methoxyamphetamine • 3-Methylamphetamine • 3,4-DMMC • 4-BMC • 4-Ethylamphetamine • 4-FA • 4-FMA • 4-MA • 4-MMA • 4-MTA • 6-FNE • Alfetamine • α-Ethylphenethylamine • Amfecloral • Amfepentorex • Amfepramone • Amidephrine • Amphetamine (Dextroamphetamine, Levoamphetamine) • Amphetaminil • Arbutamine • β-Methylphenethylamine • β-Phenylmethamphetamine • Benfluorex • Benzedrone • Benzphetamine • BDB (J) • BOH (Hydroxy-J) • BPAP • Buphedrone • Bupropion (Amfebutamone) • Butylone • Cathine • Cathinone • Chlorphentermine • Cinnamedrine • Clenbuterol • Clobenzorex • Cloforex • Clortermine • D-Deprenyl • Denopamine • Dimethoxyamphetamine • Dimethylamphetamine • Dimethylcathinone (Dimethylpropion, Metamfepramone) • Dobutamine • DOPA (Dextrodopa, Levodopa) • Dopamine • Dopexamine • Droxidopa • EBDB (Ethyl-J) • Ephedrine • Epinephrine (Adrenaline) • Epinine (Deoxyepinephrine) • Etafedrine • Ethcathinone (Ethylpropion) • Ethylamphetamine (Etilamfetamine) • Ethylnorepinephrine (Butanefrine) • Ethylone • Etilefrine • Famprofazone • Fenbutrazate • Fencamine • Fenethylline • Fenfluramine (Dexfenfluramine) • Fenmetramide • Fenproporex • Flephedrone • Fludorex • Furfenorex • Gepefrine • HMMA • Hordenine • Ibopamine • IMP • Indanylamphetamine • Isoetarine • Isoethcathinone • Isoprenaline (Isoproterenol) • L-Deprenyl (Selegiline) • Lefetamine • Lisdexamfetamine • Lophophine (Homomyristicylamine) • Manifaxine • MBDB (Methyl-J; "Eden") • MDA (Tenamfetamine) • MDBU • MDEA ("Eve") • MDMA ("Ecstasy", "Adam") • MDMPEA (Homarylamine) • MDOH • MDPR • MDPEA (Homopiperonylamine) • Mefenorex • Mephedrone • Mephentermine • Metanephrine • Metaraminol • Methamphetamine (Desoxyephedrine, Methedrine; Dextromethamphetamine, Levomethamphetamine) • Methoxamine • Methoxyphenamine • MMA • Methcathinone (Methylpropion) • Methedrone • Methoxyphenamine • Methylone • MMDA • MMDMA • MMMA • Morazone • N-Benzyl-1-phenethylamine • N,N-Dimethylphenethylamine • Naphthylamphetamine • Nisoxetine • Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline) • Norfenefrine • Norfenfluramine • Normetanephrine • Octopamine • Orciprenaline • Ortetamine • Oxilofrine • Paredrine (Norpholedrine, Oxamphetamine, Mycadrine) • PBA • PCA • PHA • Pargyline • Pentorex (Phenpentermine) • Pentylone • Phendimetrazine • Phenmetrazine • Phenpromethamine • Phentermine • Phenylalanine • Phenylephrine (Neosynephrine) • Phenylpropanolamine • Pholedrine • PIA • PMA • PMEA • PMMA • PPAP • Prenylamine • Propylamphetamine • Pseudoephedrine • Radafaxine • Ropinirole • Salbutamol (Albuterol; Levosalbutamol) • Sibutramine • Synephrine (Oxedrine) • Theodrenaline • Tiflorex (Flutiorex) • Tranylcypromine • Tyramine • Tyrosine • Xamoterol • Xylopropamine • Zylofuramine
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| Piperazines |
2C-B-BZP • BZP • CM156 • DBL-583 • GBR-12783 • GBR-12935 • GBR-13069 • GBR-13098 • GBR-13119 • MeOPP • MBZP • Vanoxerine
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| Piperidines |
1-Benzyl-4-(2-(diphenylmethoxy)ethyl)piperidine • 1-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1-(piperidin-2-yl)butane • 2-Benzylpiperidine • 2-Methyl-3-phenylpiperidine • 3,4-Dichloromethylphenidate • 4-Benzylpiperidine • 4-Methylmethylphenidate • Desoxypipradrol • Difemetorex • Diphenylpyraline • Ethylphenidate • Methylnaphthidate • Methylphenidate (Dexmethylphenidate) • N-Methyl-3β-propyl-4β-(4-chlorophenyl)piperidine • Nocaine • Phacetoperane • Pipradrol • SCH-5472
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| Pyrrolidines |
2-Diphenylmethylpyrrolidine • α-PPP • α-PBP • α-PVP • Diphenylprolinol • MDPPP • MDPBP • MDPV • MPBP • MPHP • MPPP • MOPPP • Naphyrone • PEP • Prolintane • Pyrovalerone
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| Tropanes |
3-CPMT • 3'-Chloro-3α-(diphenylmethoxy)tropane • 3-Pseudotropyl-4-fluorobenzoate • 4'-Fluorococaine • AHN-1055 • Altropane (IACFT) • Brasofensine • CFT (WIN 35,428) • β-CIT (RTI-55) • Cocaethylene • Cocaine • Dichloropane (RTI-111) • Difluoropine • FE-β-CPPIT • FP-β-CPPIT • Ioflupane (123I) • Norcocaine • PIT • PTT • RTI-31 • RTI-32 • RTI-51 • RTI-105 • RTI-112 • RTI-113 • RTI-117 • RTI-120 • RTI-121 (IPCIT) • RTI-126 • RTI-150 • RTI-154 • RTI-171 • RTI-177 • RTI-183 • RTI-193 • RTI-194 • RTI-199 • RTI-202 • RTI-204 • RTI-229 • RTI-241 • RTI-336 • RTI-354 • RTI-371 • RTI-386 • Salicylmethylecgonine • Tesofensine • Troparil (β-CPT, WIN 35,065-2) • Tropoxane • WF-23 • WF-33 • WF-60
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| Others |
1-(Thiophen-2-yl)-2-aminopropane • 2-Amino-1,2-dihydronaphthalene • 2-Aminoindane • 2-Aminotetralin • 2-MDP • 2-Phenylcyclohexylamine • 2-Phenyl-3,6-dimethylmorpholine • 3-Benzhydrylmorpholine • 3,3-Diphenylcyclobutanamine • 5-(2-Aminopropyl)indole • 5-Iodo-2-aminoindane • AL-1095 • Amfonelic acid • Amineptine • Amiphenazole • Atipamezole • Atomoxetine (Tomoxetine) • Bemegride • Benzydamine • BTQ • BTS 74,398 • Carphedon • Ciclazindol • Cilobamine • Clofenciclan • Cropropamide • Crotetamide • Cypenamine • D-161 • Diclofensine • Dimethocaine • Efaroxan • Etamivan • EXP-561 • Fencamfamine • Fenpentadiol • Feprosidnine • G-130 • Gamfexine • Gilutensin • GSK1360707F • GYKI-52895 • Hexacyclonate • Idazoxan • Indanorex • Indatraline • JNJ-7925476 • JZ-IV-10 • Lazabemide • Leptacline • Levopropylhexedrine • Lomevactone • LR-5182 • Mazindol • Meclofenoxate • Medifoxamine • Mefexamide • Mesocarb • Methastyridone • Methiopropamine • N-Methyl-3-phenylnorbornan-2-amine • Nefopam • Nikethamide • Nomifensine • O-2172 • Oxaprotiline • Phthalimidopropiophenone • PNU-99,194 • Propylhexedrine • PRC200-SS • Rasagiline • Rauwolscine • Rubidium chloride • Setazindol • Tametraline • Tandamine • Trazium • UH-232 • Yohimbine
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