Phylloquinone Information
Phylloquinone is a polycyclic aromatic ketone, based on 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone, with a 3-phytyl substituent.
It is a fat-soluble vitamin that is stable to air and moisture but decomposes in sunlight. It is found naturally in a wide variety of green plants.
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Terminology
It is often called vitamin K1[1], phytomenadione or phytonadione. Sometimes a distinction is made with phylloquinone considered natural and phytonadione considered synthetic.[2]
A stereoisomer of phylloquinone is called vitamin k1 (note the difference in capitalization).
Biochemistry
Phylloquinone is an electron acceptor during photosynthesis, forming part of the electron transport chain of Photosystem I.
Its best-known function in animals is as a cofactor in the formation of coagulation factors II (prothrombin), VII, IX, and X by the liver. It is also required for the formation of anticoagulant factors protein C and S. It is commonly used to treat warfarin toxicity, and as an antidote for coumatetralyl.
Vitamin K is also required for bone protein formation.
See also
References
- ^ Haroon Y, Shearer MJ, Rahim S, Gunn WG, McEnery G, Barkhan P (June 1982). "The content of phylloquinone (vitamin K1) in human milk, cows' milk, and infant formula foods determined by high-performance liquid chromatography". J. Nutr. 112 (6): 1105–17. PMID 7086539. http://jn.nutrition.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=7086539.
- ^ "Vitamin K". http://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/vitamin-k-000343.htm. Retrieved 2009-03-18.
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