hidden pixel

Pharmacy and Pharmacology Information

Welcome to the Pharmacy and Pharmacology Portal! The purpose of this page is to organize many of the pharmacology and drug-related articles on Wikipedia, to highlight some of the best articles, and to point out some of the recent activities and developments of WikiProject Pharmacology.

Pharmacology (in Greek: pharmacon (φάρμακον) meaning remedy, and logos (λόγος) meaning science) is the study of how substances interact with living organisms to produce a change in function. If substances have medicinal properties, they are considered pharmaceuticals. The field encompasses drug composition and properties, interactions, toxicology, therapies, medical applications, and antipathogenic capabilities.

Pharmacy (from the Greek φάρμακον = remedy) is a transitional field between the health sciences and the chemical sciences, as well as the profession charged with ensuring the safe use of medications. Traditionally, pharmacists have compounded and dispensed medications based on prescriptions from physicians. More recently, pharmacy has come to include other services related to patient care, including clinical practice, medication review, and drug information. Some of these new pharmaceutical roles are now mandated by law in various legislatures. Pharmacists, therefore, are drug therapy experts, and the primary health professionals who optimize medication management to produce positive health outcomes.

The field of pharmacy can generally be divided into three main disciplines:

Inside every branch of pharmacy are many specialized branches related to many scientific disciplines. This makes pharmaceuticals related to the majority of pure and applied sciences. For example, medicinal chemistry can be divided into: ADME, bioavailability, chemogenomics, drug design, drug discovery, enzyme inhibition, mechanism of action, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology, pharmacophore perception, Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships, and Structure-Activity Relationships.

Biology (including molecular biology and biochemistry), physiology, organic chemistry, microbiology, parasitology, and also botany are all related in some way to the pharmaceutical sciences. Recently, the field of drug discovery and drug design has developed with new technologies invented in other fields, such as bioinformatics, cheminformatics, computational chemistry, genetics, pharmacogenomics, and proteomics.

Featured article

Ball-and-stick model of linezolid

Linezolid is a synthetic antibiotic used for the treatment of serious infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria that are resistant to several other antibiotics. A member of the oxazolidinone class of drugs, linezolid is active against most Gram-positive bacteria that cause disease, including streptococci, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The main indications of linezolid are infections of the skin and soft tissues and pneumonia (particularly hospital-acquired pneumonia), although off-label use for a variety of other infections is becoming popular. Discovered in the late 1980s and first approved for use in 2000, linezolid was the first commercially available oxazolidinone antibiotic. As of 2009, it is the only marketed oxazolidinone, although others are in development. As a protein synthesis inhibitor, it stops the growth of bacteria by disrupting their production of proteins. Resistance to linezolid has remained very low since it was first detected in 1999, although it may be increasing. When administered for short periods, linezolid is a relatively safe drug; it can be used in patients of all ages and in people with liver disease or poor kidney function. (more...)

Featured pharmacology articles:

Antioxidant — Bupropion — Caffeine — Icos — Linezolid — Sertraline — Treatment of multiple sclerosis — Water fluoridation

Good pharmacology articles:

Alprazolam — Aspirin — Benzodiazepine — Benzylpiperazine — CS gas — Clindamycin — Doxorubicin — Ethanol — Frances Oldham Kelsey — Heparin — History of aspirin — Homeopathy — Metformin — Midazolam — Nomenclature of monoclonal antibodies — Opium — Orlistat — Paracetamol toxicity — Percy Lavon Julian — Psychoactive drug — Receptor antagonist — Resveratrol — Selective glucocorticoid receptor agonist — Serotonin syndrome — Serpin — Vitamin C — Warfarin

Did you know ..

Lists

Featured picture

Albert Hofmann at the 50th Anniversary of LSD Conference.

Branches

Categories

WikiProjects

Essential Projects
Other Projects

Web resources

Pharmacy web resources
Regulatory
History and traditions
Portals
Companies

Note: the following sites are not necessarily "reliable, third-party, published sources with a reputation for fact-checking and accuracy" for the purposes of WP:RS
Pharmaceutical chemistry and pharmacology web resources
Medicinal chemistry

Pharmacology and Medications :

Major topics

Pharmacy and pharmacology topics

Branches of Pharmaceutics include:

Pharmaceutical dosage forms:

Pharmacy education:

Related subjects:
Medications and drugs topics

Types of medication

For the gastrointestinal tract or digestive system

For the cardiovascular system

For the central nervous system

See also: Psychoactive drug

hypnotic, anaesthetics, antipsychotic, antidepressant (including tricyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitor, lithium salt, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor), anti-emetic, anticonvulsant and antiepileptic, anxiolytic, barbiturate, movement disorder drug, stimulant (including amphetamines), benzodiazepine, cyclopyrrolone, dopaminergic, dopamine antagonist, antihistamine, cholinergic, anticholinergic, emetic, cannabinoids, serotonergic, 5-HT antagonist

For pain & consciousness (analgesic drugs)

Further information: Analgesic

The main classes of painkillers are NSAIDs, opioids and various orphans such as paracetamol, tricyclic antidepressants and anticonvulsants.

For musculo-skeletal disorders

NSAIDs (including COX-2 selective inhibitors), muscle relaxant, neuromuscular drug anticholinesterase

For the eye

For the ear, nose and oropharynx

sympathomimetic, antihistamine, anticholinergic, NSAIDs, steroid, antiseptic, local anesthetic, antifungal, cerumenolytic

For the respiratory system

bronchodilator, NSAIDs, anti-allergic, antitussive, mucolytic, decongestant corticosteroid, beta-receptor antagonist, anticholinergic, steroid

For endocrine problems

androgen, antiandrogen, gonadotropin, corticosteroid, growth hormone, insulin, antidiabetic (sulfonylurea, biguanide/metformin, thiazolidinedione, insulin), thyroid hormones, antithyroid drugs, calcitonin, diphosponate, vasopressin analogues

For the reproductive system or urinary system

antifungal, alkalising agent, quinolones, antibiotic, cholinergic, anticholinergic, anticholinesterase, antispasmodic, 5-alpha reductase inhibitor, selective alpha-1 blocker, sildenafil

For contraception

hormonal contraception, progestagen only contraception, spermicide, ormeloxifene

For obstetrics and gynaecology

NSAIDs, anticholinergic, haemostatic drug, antifibrinolytic, Hormone Replacement Therapy, bone regulator, beta-receptor agonist, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinising hormone, LHRH gamolenic acid, gonadotropin release inhibitor, progestogen, dopamine agonist, oestrogen, prostaglandin, gonadorelin, clomiphene, tamoxifen, Diethylstilbestrol

For the skin

emollient, anti-pruritic, antifungal, disinfectant, scabicide, pediculicide, tar products, vitamin A derivatives, vitamin D analogue, keratolytic, abrasive, systemic antibiotic, topical antibiotic, hormones, desloughing agent, exudate absorbent, fibrinolytic, proteolytic, sunscreen, antiperspirant, corticosteroid

For infections and infestations

antibiotic, antifungal, antileprotic, antituberculous drug, antimalarial, anthelmintic, amoebicide, antiviral, antiprotozoal, antiserum

For immunology

vaccine, immunoglobulin, immunosuppressant, interferon, monoclonal antibody

For allergic disorders

anti-allergic, antihistamine, NSAIDs

For nutrition

tonic, iron preparation, electrolyte, parenteral nutritional supplement, vitamins, anti-obesity drug, anabolic drug, haematopoietic drug, food product drug

For neoplastic disorders

cytotoxic drug, sex hormones, aromatase inhibitor, somatostatin inhibitor, recombinant interleukins, G-CSF, erythropoietin

For diagnostics

contrast media

For euthanasia

A euthanaticum is used for euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide, see also barbiturates.

Other/related topics

Polypharmacy: suggests that multiple use of prescribed and non-prescribed medications, (use of 5 or more), can have adverse effects on the recipient.

Zoopharmacognosy: Animal usage of drugs and non-foods.

Related portals

Chemistry Cannabis Biology Medicine
Biotechnology Health Mind and Brain Molecular and Cellular Biology Neuroscience Psychology Science

Associated Wikimedia

Pharmacy on Wikinews Pharmacy on Wikiquote Pharmacy on Wikibooks Pharmacy on Wikisource Pharmacy on Wiktionary Pharmacy on Wikimedia Commons
News Quotations Manuals & Texts Texts Definitions Images
Pharmacology on Wikinews Pharmacology on Wikiquote Pharmacology on Wikibooks Pharmacology on Wikisource Pharmacology on Wiktionary Pharmacology on Wikimedia Commons
News Quotations Manuals & Texts Texts Definitions Images
What are portals? · List of portals · Featured portals

Categories: Health science portals | Science portals | Pharmacy | Pharmacology

 

The above information uses material from Wikipedia and is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.
Some facts may not have been fully verified for accuracy. [Disclaimers]
This page was last archived by our server on Sun May 20 16:28:11 2012.
Displaying this page or its contents does not use any Wikimedia Foundation's resources.
The owners of this site proudly support the Wikimedia Foundation.

More Information Results for "Pharmacy and Pharmacology"
[Hide]▼
'Pharmacy and Pharmacology' Images
[Hide]▲