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Procyclidine Information

It is used in patients with parkinsonism and akathisia and to reduce the side effects of antipsychotic treatment given for schizophrenia. Procyclidine is also a second-line drug for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. It improves tremor but not rigidity or bradykinesia.

Procyclidine is also sometimes used for the treatment of dystonia (but not tardive dyskinesia), a rare disorder that causes abnormal muscle contraction, resulting in twisting postures of limbs, trunk, or face.

Overdose

Signs of procyclidine overdose are those of an anticholinergic and include confusion, agitation and sleeplessness that can last up to or more than 24 hours. Pupils become dilated and unreactive to light. Tachycardia (fast heart beat), as well as auditory and visual hallucinations have also been reported.

Other known symptoms of overdose are: clumsiness or unsteadiness, being severely drowsy, having a severely dry mouth, nose, or throat, having an altered mood or other mental changes, seizures, being short of breath or having troubled breathing, a dry and warm, flushed skin.

A suspected overdose with severe life-threatening symptoms should immediately be brought to medical attention, where reversal can be attempted with physostigmine administered intravenously or subcutaneously.

Chemistry

Procyclidine, 1-cyclohexyl-1-phenyl-3-pyrrolidinopropan-1-ol, is synthesized in the exact same manner as was seen for trihexyphenidyl, except this time the linear synthesis begins with the preparation of 3-(1-pyrrolidino)propiophenone.

References

Antiparkinson agents (N04)
Dopaminergics
DA precursors/prodrugs Etilevodopa • Droxidopa • Levodopa# • Melevodopa
DA receptor agonists Aplindore • Apomorphine • Bromocriptine • Cabergoline • Ciladopa • Dihydroergocryptine • Lisuride • Pardoprunox • Pergolide • Piribedil • Pramipexole • Ropinirole • Rotigotine
MAO-B inhibitors Ladostigil • Lazabemide • Mofegiline • Pargyline • Rasagiline • Selegiline
COMT inhibitors Entacapone • Tolcapone
Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase inhibitors Benserazide • Carbidopa# • Methyldopa
Anticholinergics Benzatropine • Biperiden# • Bornaprine • Chlorphenoxamine • Cyrimine • Dexetimide • Dimenhydrinate • Diphenhydramine • Etanautine • Etybenzatropine • Mazaticol • Metixene • Orphenadrine • Phenglutarimide • Piroheptine • Procyclidine • Profenamine • Trihexyphenidyl • Tropatepine
Others Amantadine • Budipine • Memantine • Rimantadine

: CNS

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Cholinergics
Receptor ligands
mAChR
nAChR
Reuptake inhibitors
Plasmalemmal
CHT Inhibitors
Vesicular
VAChT Inhibitors
Enzyme inhibitors
Anabolism
ChAT inhibitors
  • 1-(-Benzoylethyl)pyridinium
  • 2-(α-Naphthoyl)ethyltrimethylammonium
  • 3-Chloro-4-stillbazole
  • 4-(1-Naphthylvinyl)pyridine
  • Acetylseco hemicholinium-3
  • Acryloylcholine
  • AF64A
  • B115
  • BETA
  • CM-54,903
  • N,N-Dimethylaminoethylacrylate
  • N,N-Dimethylaminoethylchloroacetate
Catabolism
AChE inhibitors
BChE inhibitors
  • Cymserine * Many of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitors listed above act as butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors.
Others
Precursors
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from: Wiktionary: procyclidine,
Sun Mar 4 02:53:53 2012
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