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Submucosa Information

In the gastrointestinal tract, the submucosa is the layer of dense irregular connective tissue or loose connective tissue that supports the mucosa, as well as joins the mucosa to the bulk of underlying smooth muscle (fibers running circularly within layer of longitudinal muscle).

Contents

Contents

Blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves (all supplying the mucosa) will run through here.

Tiny parasympathetic ganglia are scattered around forming the submucosal plexus (or "Meissner's plexus") where preganglionic parasympathetic neurons synapse with postganglionic nerve fibers that supply the muscularis mucosae.

The submucosa in endoscopy

Identification of the submucosa plays an important role in diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy, where special fibre-optic cameras are used to perform procedures on the gastrointestinal tract. Abnormalities of the submucosa, such as gastrointestinal stromal tumors, usually show integrity of the mucosal surface.

The submucosa is also identified in endoscopic ultrasound to identify the depth of tumours and to identify other abnormalities. An injection of dye, saline, or epinephrine into the submucosa is imperative in the safe removal of certain polyps.

Endoscopic mucosal resection involves removal of the mucosal layer, and in order to be done safely, a submucosal injection of dye is performed to ensure integrity at the beginning of the procedure.

See also

Additional images

External links

· · Anatomy of torso, digestive system: Gastrointestinal tract, excluding mouth (TA A05.3–7, GA 11.1141)
Upper GI
Hypo- pharynx

Piriform sinus

spaces: Peripharyngeal space (Retropharyngeal space, Parapharyngeal space) · Retrovisceral space (Retropharyngeal space, Danger space) · Prevertebral space

Pterygomandibular raphe · Pharyngeal raphe · Buccopharyngeal fascia · Pharyngobasilar fascia

Pharyngeal muscles
Esophagus

UES · LES · Esophageal glands

Serosa / Adventitia · Muscular layer · Submucosa · Mucosa (Muscularis mucosa)
Stomach

by region: Greater curvature · Lesser curvature (Angular incisure) · Cardia · Body · Fundus · Pylorus (Pyloric antrum, Pyloric canal)

by layer: Serosa · Muscular layer (Pyloric sphincter) · Submucosa · Gastric mucosa (Muscularis mucosa, Gastric rugae, Gastric pits, Gastric gland/Cardiac glands/Fundic glands/Pyloric glands)
Lower GI
Intestine: small
Layers Serosa · Subserosa · Muscular layer · Circular folds · Submucosa · Mucosa (Muscularis mucosa, Peyer's patches, Intestinal villus, Intestinal gland)
Duodenum Suspensory muscle, Major duodenal papilla, Minor duodenal papilla, Duodenal cap • Duodenojejunal flexure • Brunner's glands
Jejunum no substructures
Ileum Terminal ileum • Ileocecal valve
Intestine: large
Layers Serosa · Subserosa · Muscular layer · Submucosa · Mucosa
Cecum Vermiform appendix
Colon ascending colon, hepatic flexure, transverse colon, splenic flexure, descending colon, sigmoid colon continuous (taenia coli, haustra, epiploic appendix)
Rectum Transverse folds of rectum • Rectal ampulla
Anal canal

Anal columns • Anal valves • Anal sinuses • Pectinate line

Sphincter ani internus muscle • Intersphincteric groove • Sphincter ani externus muscle

Anus

: DIG

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· · Anatomy: urinary system (TA A08, GA 11.1215)
Abdomen
Kidneys
Layers Renal fascia • Renal capsule • Renal cortex (Renal column) • Renal medulla (Renal sinus, Renal pyramids, medullary interstitium) • Renal lobe • Cortical lobule • Medullary ray • Nephron
Intrarenal arteries (Renal artery) → Segmental arteries → Interlobar arteries → Arcuate arteries → Interlobular arteries → Afferent arterioles
Renal tubule Renal corpuscle (Glomerulus, Bowman's capsule) → Proximal tubule → Loop of Henle (Descending, Thin ascending, Thick ascending) → Distal convoluted tubule → Connecting tubule → Collecting ducts aka Duct of Belini → Renal papilla → Minor calyx → Major calyx → Renal pelvis
Intrarenal veins Efferent arterioles → Peritubular capillaries / Vasa recta → Arcuate vein → Interlobar veins → (Renal vein)
JGA Macula densa • Juxtaglomerular cells • Mesangium/Extraglomerular mesangial cell
Filtration Glomerular basement membrane • Podocyte • Filtration slits • Mesangium/Intraglomerular mesangial cell • Tubular fluid
Ureters Orifice of ureter • Adventitia • Muscular layer • Mucosa
Pelvis
Bladder Apex • Uvula • Neck • Median umbilical ligament • Muscular layer (Trigone • Detrusor) • Mucosa • Submucosa
Urethra Urethral sphincters (External sphincter muscle of male urethra, External sphincter muscle of female urethra, Internal sphincter muscle of urethra)

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· · Histology: connective tissue (TH H2.00.03)
Classification
Proper/ Fibrous
Loose

Areolar · Reticular

non-fibrous: Adipose (Brown, White)
Dense Dense irregular connective tissue (Submucosa, Dermis) · Dense regular connective tissue (Ligament, Tendon, Aponeurosis)
Embryonic Mucous · Mesenchymal
Specialized Cartilage · Bone · Blood
Composition
Extracellular matrix (noncellular)
Ground substance Tissue fluid
Fibers

Reticular fibers: Collagen

Elastic fibers: Fibrillin (FBN1, FBN2, FBN3)
Cells
Resident

Fibroblast · Reticular cell · Tendon cell

Adipocyte

Chondroblast · Osteoblast
Wandering cell Mast cell · Macrophage
see also soft tissue

: INT, SF, LCT

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: MUS, DF+DRCT

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