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Thrombotic Microangiopathies Information

Thrombotic microangiopathies are a category of pathologies that result in thrombosis in capillaries and arterioles.[1] This process leads to thrombocytopenia and a variety of other symptoms such as: anemia, purpura, renal failure (some), schistocytes (fragmented blood cells severed by fibrin products) and ischemic injury to cells.

Contents

Categories

Bacterial toxins are the primary cause of one category of thrombotic microangiopathy known as HUS or hemolytic uremic syndrome. The other major category is TTP or thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura caused by autoimmune or hereditary dysfunctions that activate the coagulation cascade or the complement system.

Some sources group TTP and HUS together[2], while other sources express skepticism about their common pathophysiology.[3]

Presentation

The clinical presentation typically includes: fever, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (see schistocytes in a blood smear), renal failure, thrombocytopenia, neurological manifestations.

See also

References

  1. ^ "thrombotic microangiopathy" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
  2. ^ http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/sec12/ch143/ch143g.html
  3. ^ http://www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic579.htm
This article related to pathology is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. · ·
· · Pathology: hematology · hematologic diseases of RBCs and megakaryocytes / MEP (D50-69,74, 280-287)
Red blood cells
Poly- cythemia Polycythemia vera
Anemia
Nutritional

Micro-: Iron deficiency anemia (Plummer-Vinson syndrome)

Macro-: Megaloblastic anemia (Pernicious anemia)
Hemolytic (mostly Normo-)
Hereditary

enzymopathy: G6PD · glycolysis (PK, TI, HK)

hemoglobinopathy: Thalassemia (alpha, beta, delta) · Sickle-cell disease/trait · HPFH

membrane: Hereditary spherocytosis (Minkowski-Chauffard syndrome) · Hereditary elliptocytosis (Southeast Asian ovalocytosis) · Hereditary stomatocytosis
Acquired

Autoimmune (WAHA, CAD, PCH)

membrane (PNH)

MAHA · TM (HUS)

Drug-induced autoimmune · Drug-induced nonautoimmune

Hemolytic disease of the newborn
Aplastic (mostly Normo-)

Hereditary: Fanconi anemia · Diamond–Blackfan anemia

Acquired: PRCA · Sideroblastic anemia · Myelophthisic
Blood tests MCV (Normocytic, Microcytic, Macrocytic) · MCHC (Normochromic, Hypochromic)
Other Methemoglobinemia · Sulfhemoglobinemia · Reticulocytopenia
Coagulation/ coagulopathy
Hyper- coagulability primary: Antithrombin III deficiency · Protein C deficiency/Activated protein C resistance/Protein S deficiency/Factor V Leiden · Hyperprothrombinemia acquired:Thrombocytosis (essential) · DIC (Congenital afibrinogenemia, Purpura fulminans) · autoimmune (Antiphospholipid)
Hypo- coagulability
Thrombocytopenia

Thrombocytopenic purpura: ITP (Evans syndrome) · TM (TTP)

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia · May-Hegglin anomaly
Platelet function adhesion (Bernard–Soulier syndrome) · aggregation (Glanzmann's thrombasthenia) · platelet storage pool deficiency (Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome, Gray platelet syndrome)
Clotting factor Hemophilia (A/VIII, B/IX, C/XI) • Von Willebrand diseaseHypoprothrombinemia/II · XIII · Dysfibrinogenemia

: MYL

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drug (//), ,

· · Vasculitis/arteritis: systemic vasculitis (M30–M31, 446)
Large vessel Takayasu's arteritis · Giant cell arteritis
Medium vessel Type III hypersensitivity (Polyarteritis nodosa) · Kawasaki disease
Small vessel
Pauci-immune c-ANCA (Wegener's granulomatosis) · p-ANCA (Churg-Strauss syndrome, Microscopic polyangiitis)
Type III hypersensitivity Hypersensitivity vasculitis/Henoch–Schönlein purpura
Ungrouped Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy · Bullous small vessel vasculitis · Cutaneous small-vessel vasculitis
Other Goodpasture's syndrome · Sneddon's syndrome

: VAS

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, drug(+//////)

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